Space and Science

Mars Maps

Topographic Map of Mars by Fabio Crameri, using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data

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Mars Topography, using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data collected by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft. Credit: Fabio Crameri
Mars Topography, using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data collected by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft. Credit: Fabio Crameri
This graphic by Fabio Crameri adjusted from Crameri t al. (2020) is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository. License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Modifications: explore.xalyse.com has resized the above image from the original image to be 1920px wide.

Author's Description: Comprehensive global maps depicting the topography of the Martian surface, featuring polar regions. Represented is the digital elevation model (accessible at https://astrogeology.usgs.gov), derived from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data collected by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft (Albee et al., 2001; Smith and Zuber, 1999). The 'lajolla' Scientific color map is used to guarantee precise and color-blind-friendly representation of the data.

Topographic Map of Mars by U.S. Geological Survey, using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data

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Topographic Map of Mars by U.S. Geological Survey, using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data collected by NASAs Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). Date: 2003. Credit: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) / NASA
Topographic Map of Mars by U.S. Geological Survey, using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data collected by NASAs Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). Date: 2003. Credit: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) / NASA
The above image was downloaded from Wikipedia.
More information: USGS - Planet Mars - Topographical Map - 1-24-2005 - Geologic Investigations Series I-2782

These maps are based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA; Smith and others, 2001), an instrument on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft (Albee and others, 2001). The image used for the base of this map represents more than 600 million measurements gathered between 1999 and 2001, adjusted for consistency (Neumann and others, 2001, 2003) and converted to planetary radii. These have been converted to elevations above the areoid as determined from a martian gravity field solution GMM-2B (Lemoine and others, 2001), truncated to degree and order 50, and oriented according to current standards (see below). The average accuracy of each point is originally ~100 meters in horizontal position and ~1 meter in radius (Neumann and others, 2001). However, the total elevation uncertainty is at least ±3 m due to the global error in the areoid (±1.8 meters according to Lemoine and others [2001]) and regional uncertainties in its shape (G.A. Neumann, written commun., 2002). The measurements were converted into a digital elevation model (DEM; G.A. Neumann, written commun., 2002; Neumann and others, 2001; Smith and others 2001) using Generic Mapping Tools software (Wessel and Smith, 1998), with a resolution of 0.015625 degree per pixel or 64 pixels per degree.

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